ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the association of total absenteeism and the CBL absenteeism among the undergraduate medical students
Study Design: A cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College and study was conducted in the month of June 2016
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the month of June 2016 among the Second MBBS course at the Army Medical College. Two hundred second year M.B.B.S. students were informed and invited to participate in the study. We gathered the information from the students on total number of CBL attended in the whole academic year, reason for missing Anatomy CBL, causes for absenteeism, annual total attendance percentage of the second year class, number of pass CBL sessions in second year
Results: Out of 173 participants, there were 101 [58.4 percent] male and 72 [41.6 percent] female students with the mean age of 20.01 +/- 0.69 years. There were 84 [48.6 percent] medical cadets, 12 [6.9 percent] paying cadets, 21 [12.1 percent] additional selected cadets, 46 [26.6 percent] NUMS cadets and 10 [5.8 percent] NUMS foreign cadets. Mean CBL attendance was 13.09 +/- 1.87 with the range of 6-15. Mean attendance of classes other than CBL was 92.40 +/- 6.55. The difference of CBL attendance between various categories of cadets was insignificant [p-value=0.18]. Also, there was no effect of gender on the CBL attendance [p-value=0.10]
Conclusion: Frequency of students with attendance in CBL sessions below 75 percent is significantly different than the frequency of students with attendance above 75 percent
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the preventive effects of Punica granatum [pomegranate] juice and extract on weight and volume of steroid induced mice kidneys. Study Design: Lab based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College [AMC] Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH] Islamabad, from Apr to May 2015
Material and Methods: Forty male and female healthy [BALB/c strain] mice with average weight of 25-30gms were divided into four groups, having ten animals each. Group A was a control group and groups B, C and D were experimental groups. Mice in experimental groups were injected Nandrolone decanoate [ND] at the dosage of 1 mg/100 gm of body weight, intramuscularly [I/M] in the hind limb once a week for 8 weeks. Mice in experimental group C were also given pomegranate juice [PJ] at the dosage of 3ml/kg of body weight through oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily and mice in experimental group D were given pomegranate peel extract [PPE] at the dosage of 200mg/kg of body weight by oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily. Intergroup comparison of results of experimental groups B, C and D with each other and with control group A was done
Results: The weight and volume of kidneys were significantly different in ND treated experimental group B and difference in both these parameters was seen in pomegranate administered experimental groups C and D
Conclusion: Pomegranate in both forms, as pomegranate juice and peels extract, equally prevent the weight and volume of steroid induced kidneys
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effect of oral iron administration on pregnant rats on the diameter of cells of growth plate of rat pups
Study Design: Experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad from March to November 2016
Methodology: Group A containing 8 pregnant rats was control group, and group B containing same number of pregnant rats was the study group. Control group A was on standard diet throughout pregnancy. Iron was given to the experimental group B for 21 days [throughout pregnancy] in the form of syrup 0.5ml daily [2.75 mg of elemental iron] given in water. Rat infants were born via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Inclusion criteria for infants was pups born at term which were active and taking feed. Femur from each rat infant of right side was removed for the growth plate investigation. Processing, embedding and staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Perl's stain for histological study was done. The cell diameter in hypertrophy and proliferative zone was evaluated. Mean values of the diameter of chondrocytes in both the zones of growth cartilage of femur were measured
Results: Diameter of the cells in hypertrophy and proliferative zones was considerably decreased in group B as compared to group A
Conclusion: Administration of iron during pregnancy with normal iron status can disturb growth of the rat infant through its accumulation in the epiphyseal plate of femur. The cell diameter of the hypertrophy and proliferative zones was markedly reduced in iron administered group as compared to the control group
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the personal reflection ability of first year medical students who self-selected different strategies for learning gross anatomy
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College Rawalpindi from Mar 2016 to Apr 2016. Material and Methods: We described the purpose of the study [to assess students' ability for personal reflection] and called students of first year MBBS to participate in the study. Divided in two groups, Group A who self-selected the models for learning anatomy [response rate] and - of group B who self-selected the cadaveric specimens for learning anatomy. Those who agreed to participate signed an informed consent form and completed the questionnaires. The Groningen Reflection Ability Scale is a fully validated one-dimensional scale to measure personal reflection. It has 23 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 [strongly disagree] to 5 [strongly agree]. Scores on the Groningen can range from 23 to 115, and persons with greater abilities for personal reflection have higher scores on the scale
Results: Total 60 male students opted for the modalities of anatomy models for learning gross anatomy. Their accumulative reflective score was 4853. While 28 female students opted for the anatomy models for learning gross anatomy with the accumulative score of 2328. Out of 168 students 88 preferred the gross anatomy models for learning. Total 14 male students opted for the modalities of a dissection for learning gross anatomy. Their accumulative reflective score was 1193. While 16 female students opted for the dissection specimens for learning gross anatomy with the accumulative score of!387. Out of 168 students 20 preferred the dissection specimens for learning. Total 19 male students opted for the both modalities of anatomy models and dissection specimens for learning gross anatomy. Their accumulative reflective score was 1580. While 30 female students opted for both the anatomy models and dissection specimen for learning gross anatomy with the accumulative score of 2328. Conclusion: Majority of the students with higher reflective score identified learning strategy preference for gross anatomy models